Purpose/ Objective

Eddy currents and phase offsets remain longstanding technical challenges that introduce measurement error across all phase-contrast approaches, including the advanced methods presented here. These errors, which manifest as phase shifts on a regional, global, and temporal basis, will compromise the ability to accurately quantify integrated parameters such as stroke volume. A number of studies have investigated various correction approaches; however, there is no widespread agreement as to a universal correction protocol. The lack of standardized analysis tools for regional flow quantification and analysis of PC data is a major hurdle for their more widespread clinical application. To further the availability of these techniques and facilitate their translation into the clinic, workflow efforts towards standardisation across different MRI vendor platforms and data analysis software are warranted. Following this activity, learners will understand the basics of phase-contrast imaging along with prospective and retrospective gating techniques, be able to describe the errors and limitations associated with phase-contrast imaging, and discuss clinical validation of flow in congenital heart disease

Accreditation Statement

The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Credit Designation Statement

The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) designates this enduring material for a maximum of 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit (s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Instructions for Claiming CME

• Attend the sessions in full for which credit is sought
• Complete the post-activity evaluation
• A certificate of completion will be available once the evaluation is submitted

Financial Disclosures

The planners and faculty for this activity did not have any relevant relationships to disclose.

Disclosure of Commercial Support

SCMR received no funding to support this activity.

Bibliography

• Fratz et al JCMR 2013 15:51